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London Forces or van der Waals Forces    Dipole-Dipole Attraction    Hydrogen Bonding

 

Dipole-Dipole Forces

 

Simplified Explanation

Dipole-dipole Interactions
  • are stronger intermolecular forces than Dispersion forces

  • occur between molecules that have permanent net dipoles (polar molecules), for example, dipole-dipole interactions occur between SCl2 molecules, PCl3 molecules and CH3Cl molecules. If the permanent net dipole within the polar molecules results from a covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and either fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen, the resulting intermolecular force is referred to as Hydrogen Bonding.

  • The partial positive charge on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the partial negative charge on a neighboring molecule.

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