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The Valance Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model. Besides lone pairs of electrons, covalent bonds consist of electrons. Electron pairs will repel away from each other in order to lower the repulsion in the molecule and make it more stable. Our Lewis Dot Structures are 2 dimensional and VSEPR are 3 dimensional so we need to adjust how we visualize these structures as we go from 2D to 3D. These shapes are very different from the shapes of the electron orbital because of hybridization. Click here to learn what hybridization is.
Here is a table with the general formula and shapes. A= central atom X = other atom(s) E=lone pairs on the central atom
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